MADRAS BAR ASSOCIATION vs UNION OF INDIA

The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of the 'Tribunal, Appellate Tribunal and other Authorities [Qualification, Experience and Other Conditions of Service of Members] Rules, 2020' under Article 323-A and Article 323-B of the Constitution. The Court reaffirmed that administrative tribunals must serve as effective substitutes for High Courts, emphasizing the need for competent appointments to ensure the rule of law and equal protection under the law. The judgment builds on previous rulings, particularly S.P. Sampath Kumar v. Union of India, and underscores the importance of judicial review as part of the Constitution's basic structure.