Sampurna Behrua vs Union Of India

The Supreme Court emphasized the urgent need for the effective implementation of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, highlighting the State's constitutional obligation to protect the rights of children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The Court criticized the tardy implementation of these laws and called for proactive measures by the State to establish Juvenile Justice Boards as mandated by the legislation. The judgment reinforces the principle that the judiciary must step in to ensure the enforcement of fundamental rights when the State fails to act, thereby addressing the issue of judicial activism versus inaction in protecting vulnerable populations.