Pramati Educational & Cultural ... vs Union Of India & Ors

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of clause (5) of Article 15 and Article 21A of the Constitution, focusing on their implications for private unaided educational institutions. The Court reaffirmed the validity of clause (5) of Article 15 as it pertains to state-maintained and aided institutions, referencing Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India [(2008) 6 SCC 1], but left unresolved the question regarding private unaided institutions. The Court also acknowledged the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, which operationalizes Article 21A, while clarifying its non-applicability to unaided minority schools under Article 30(1).