LALLAN RAI vs STATE OF BIHAR

The Court clarifies the distinction between Section 34 and Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code, both of which deal with constructive criminal liability. It affirms that Section 34 requires a 'common intention,' which implies a prior meeting of minds and a pre-arranged plan to act in concert. In contrast, Section 149 is based on a 'common object' associated with an unlawful assembly.