Pradeep Kumar Biswas vs Ibnidoilaongyin&Stoirtsu.Te Of ...

The Supreme Court re-considered the definition of 'State' under Article 12 of the Constitution in the context of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The Court held that CSIR qualifies as a 'State' under Article 12, thereby allowing writ petitions against it for violations of fundamental rights, specifically Article 14 and Article 16. The decision in Sabhajit Tewary v. Union of India was overruled, affirming that the CSIR is an authority subject to judicial review under Articles 32 and 226.