Pradeep Kumar Biswas vs Ibnidoilaongyin&Stoirtsu.Te; Of ...

The Supreme Court revisited the definition of 'State' under Article 12 of the Constitution in the context of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and its applicability to writ petitions. The Court held that CSIR qualifies as a 'State' under Article 12, thereby allowing for the maintainability of writ applications against it. This decision overruled the previous judgment in Sabhajit Tewary v. Union of India, which had denied such maintainability, emphasizing the need for constitutional protection of individual rights under Articles 14 and 16.