Union Of India vs K. M. Shankarappa

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of Sections 3(1), 4(1), 5D, and 7(1) of the Cinematograph Act, 1952, while declaring portions of Section 6(1) unconstitutional. The Court emphasized that the establishment of an Appellate Tribunal, as per Section 5D, is essential for ensuring an independent review of film certification, thereby enhancing public confidence in the process. The judgment reinforces the principle that governmental powers should not infringe upon the fundamental right of speech and expression, as guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a).