P.K. RAMACHANDRA IYER & ORS. vs UNION OF INDIA & ORS.

The Supreme Court ruled that the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an instrumentality of the Central Government under Articles 12 and 32 of the Constitution, thus amenable to writ jurisdiction. The Court held that the revision of pay scales for professors, which granted benefits to new incumbents while excluding existing ones, was discriminatory and unfair, violating Articles 14 and 16. Additionally, the Court found that the Selection Committee's power to relax qualifications was subject to judicial review when malafides were established, impacting the validity of the selection process.