BHAGWAN DASS vs STATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

The Supreme Court held that riparian owners do not have superior rights over sand, gravel, and bajri deposited on their lands due to fluvial action, as these materials are classified as 'minor minerals' under Section 3(e) of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957. The Court dismissed the appellant's claim, stating that arguments not raised in the lower courts cannot be considered, and that disputes regarding zamindari rights must be addressed by the zamindars themselves. The ruling affirmed that such deposits vest in the State Government, reinforcing state ownership over riverine resources.