KRISHNA CHANDRA GANGOPADHYAYA ETC. vs UNION OF INDIA & ORS.

The Supreme Court upheld the validity of the Validation Act of 1969, which retroactively validated certain provisions of the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950, and the Bihar Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1964, under Sections 2(1) and 2(2). The Court established that incorporation of acts is permissible, and the Parliament can validate prior laws, even if they were passed by an incompetent legislature, provided the validation is done through a competent legislative process. The appeal was dismissed, affirming the Parliament's authority to enact the Validation Act with retrospective effect.