STATE OF PUNJAB vs JOGINDER SINGH

The Supreme Court held that the Punjab Educational Service (Provincialised Cadre) Class III Rules, 1961, do not violate Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The Court found that the two services, the State Cadre and the Provincialised Cadre, were never integrated and thus their distinct treatment under the Rules did not constitute a denial of equal opportunity. The Court affirmed that the government has the authority to maintain separate services for employees performing similar work under different conditions, and the principle of equal pay for equal work does not necessitate identical conditions of service.