KESHAVAN MADHAVA MENON vs THE STATE OF BOMBAY.

The Supreme Court held that Article 13(1) of the Indian Constitution does not render existing laws inconsistent with fundamental rights void ab initio, but only ineffectual regarding the exercise of those rights post-commencement of the Constitution. Consequently, prosecutions for acts committed before the Constitution's commencement can continue if initiated prior to that date. The Court clarified that upon the expiry of a temporary statute, pending prosecutions cannot proceed unless a saving clause exists, distinguishing between the effects of Article 13(1) and the expiry of statutes.