Logo
niyam.ai

Ashok Namdeorao Choudhary vs The State Of Mah. Thr. Pso, Ganeshpeth, ... 2024 Latest Caselaw 3831 Bom

Judges:

Full Judgement

Bombay High Court Ashok Namdeorao Choudhary vs The State Of Mah. Thr. Pso, Ganeshpeth, ... on 8 February, 2024 2024:BHC-NAG:1615 178 appln10.24 1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY, NAGPUR BENCH, NAGPUR. CRIMINAL APPLICATION (APPLN) NO.10/2024 Ashok Namdeorao Choudhary ..vs.. State of Mah., thr.PSO Ganeshpeth Police Station, Nagpur ........................................................................................................................................................................... Office Notes, Office Memoranda of Coram, appearances, Court orders or directions Court's or Judge's Order and Registrar's orders ........................................................................................................................................................................... Shri T.A.Mirza, Counsel for the Applicant. Shri Raja Thakare with Shri Ajay Misar, Special Public Prosecutors for the Non-applicant/State. CORAM : URMILA JOSHI-PHALKE, J. CLOSED ON : 01/02/2024 PRONOUNCED ON : 08/02/2024 1. By this application under Section 389(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the applicant seeks suspension of sentence and grant of bail. 2. The applicant has challenged judgment and order of sentence and conviction passed by learned Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Nagpur in RCC No.147/2002 dated 22.12.2023 by preferring Criminal Appeal No.402/2023 before learned District and Sessions Judge, Nagpur. The applicant had also preferred an application for suspension of sentence which was rejected by learned District and Sessions Judge, Nagpur by order dated 22.1.2024. .....2/- 178 appln10.24 2 3. The applicant is working as General Manager in the Nagpur District Central Cooperative Bank Limited (the NDCC Bank). As per contentions of the applicant, on 25.4.2002, First Information Report was lodged by co-accused Sunil Kedar against brokers namely Home Trade Limited (HTL), Century Dealers, Giltage Management, Indramani Merchants and Syndicate Management Services alleging that the NDCC Bank had invested amount Rs.125.60 crores for purchasing the government securities. The NABARD asked the NDCC Bank to supply original securities and, therefore, the bank requested its brokers to deliver original securities. However, they have not delivered the same and supplied only photocopies and, therefore, the First Information Report was lodged alleging that funds of the bank have been misappropriated and the bank is duped by its brokers to the tune of Rs.125.6 crores. Thereafter, on 29.4.2002, another First Information Report was registered at the behest of Shri Bhaurao Aswar, the Special Auditor of Cooperative Societies, Nagpur against the applicant and other co-accused. As per allegations, the applicant who is working as General Manager entered into conspiracy with the co-accused and misappropriated funds of the bank to the tune of Rs.117.51 crores under the pretext of investment made by the bank in the government securities through private brokers namely HTL, Century Dealers, Giltage Management, Indramani Merchants, .....3/- 178 appln10.24 3 and Syndicate Management Services and brokers in turn misappropriated funds of the bank by not purchasing the government securities in favour of the bank. As per allegation in the complaint, the applicant recommended proposal for purchasing government securities through the private brokers without any approval from the board of the bank for sales and purchases of the government securities and invested the amount by transferring the same to the brokers for purchasing the government securities, but the brokers have not purchased the same and the bank could not receive the original securities. Thus, the applicant who is general manger of the bank knowingly recommended to purchase the government securities through private brokers having conspiracy with the said brokers' companies and their officials and misappropriated the funds of the bank and duped the bank and acted in breach of trust while carrying out his responsibilities. 4. After filing of chargesheet, 53 witnesses were examined by the prosecution. After appreciation of evidence, learned Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate convicted the applicant and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for five years and to pay fine Rs.10.00 lacs of the offence punishable under Sections 409 read with 120-B of the Indian Penal Code. The applicant further convicted of the offence punishable under Sections 406 read with 120-B of the Indian .....4/- 178 appln10.24 4 Penal Code, but no separate sentence is awarded. He is also convicted of the offence punishable under Sections 468 read with 120-B of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for five years and to pay fine Rs.2.00 lacs, in default, to suffer rigorous imprisonment for six months. The applicant is also convicted of the offence punishable under Sections 471 read with 120-B of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for two years and to pay fine Rs.50,000/-, in default, to suffer rigorous imprisonment for 3 months. 5. The judgment and order of sentence and conviction is challenged by the applicant by preferring Criminal Appeal No.402/2023 along with application for suspension of sentence which was rejected. Hence, this application. 6. Heard learned counsel Shri T.A.Mirza for the applicant and learned Special Public Prosecutor Shri Raja Thakare for the State. 7. Learned counsel for the applicant submitted that only role attributed to the applicant is that he forwarded the sheets before the co-accused. The evidence shows that the note sheets are prepared by accused No.11 who is acquitted on .....5/- 178 appln10.24 5 the same set of evidence. The allegations revolved around two transaction viz., (i) advancement of loan of Rs.40.00 crores to EDIL and the evidence on record and observation trial court in its judgment show that the said amount is repaid by the EDIL and (ii) the applicant along with accused Nos.1 and 11 without observing guidelines issued by the NABARD entered into transactions of purchasing the government securities by way of investment exceeding 5%. The period of alleged transactions regarding purchasing of the government securities through HTL were during 5.2.2001 and 12.6.2001 and the similar transactions to HTL and four other broker companies were during 25.2.2002 to 5.2.2002. The subject and sale and purchase of transactions of physical securities was not discussed in any of meetings of board of directors and approval was not taken. It is further alleged that original physical securities holding certification or any other document will show that the securities purchased for the NDCC bank were not available on its record. The applicant who is senior officer allegedly not verified and confirmed as to whether physical securities were really purchased and that too in the name of the NDCC Bank and not filed report thereof in the bank. He further submitted that thus nature of allegations against the applicant are that the applicant and other officials of the bank committed irregularities and contravening circulars and guidelines issued by the RBI and .....6/- 178 appln10.24 6 NABARD and by violating the same, the transactions are entered into. Thus, the nature of charge appears to be that the board has delegated powers to accused no.1 and the present applicant by resolution purchased and sold the securities only through MSCB under SGL(II) with the RBI and without taking any policy decision, transactions are entered through brokers without approving panel of brokers for the purpose. He submitted that the observation of the court is contrary to the evidence. In fact, Exhibit-1185 is the resolution passed by the board of directors, which shows as : "in suppression of the previous resolutions No.7 of the Nagpur District Central Cooperative Bank Limited, Nagpur dated 21.9.1993 it is hereby resolved that any two of following namely 1. Shri S.C.Kedar, Chairman, 2. Sau.A.C.Mahajan, Vice Chairman, Shri A.N.Chaudhary, General Manager, 4. Shri A.G.Gokhale, Chief Accountant, and 5. Shri S.S.Gode, Chief Officer are hereby authorized jointly to purchase, sale, endorse, negotiate, transfer or other deal with the government and any securities for and on behalf of the Nagpur District Central Cooperative Bank Limited, Nagpur and also to receive the principle and interests thereon." He submitted that in view of the above resolution, the powers are assigned to the applicant and there is no reference either of SGL(II) or MSCB. The trial court held that the alleged transactions are entered by keeping the directors in dark and without obtaining any approval by holding any meetings. It is further observed by the trial court that the entire transaction .....7/- 178 appln10.24 7 has taken place on the basis of circular resolution. In fact, the resolution passed on 24.8.2001, which is at Exhibit-1194, shows that the investment of purchasing the government securities is brought to the notice in a meeting held on 24.8.2001. Not only this, the annual report of the bank Exhibit-1315 also shows that the said investment by way of purchasing the securities is also published in the said report and brought to the notice of all share holders. Thus, nothing is done in a secrecy. At the most, the act of the applicant shows that there is a contravention of violation and irregularities which can at the most be said to be a negligence on his part. There is no charge that the applicant has received any monetary gain by the said transactions. There is absolutely no evidence that the applicant was the member to the conspiracy and in view of the said conspiracy, the amount was transferred to the HTL and other securities. 8. Per contra, learned Special Pubic Prosecutor for the State submitted that the definition of Criminal Breach of Trust, in view of Section 405 of the Indian Penal Code, shows that when a person, with whom the property is entrusted or having any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contact, express or implied, which he has made .....8/- 178 appln10.24 8 touching the discharge of such trust, or willfully suffers any other person so to do, commits "criminal breach of trust". He submitted that the amount invested is the public money. The NDCC Bank is established for the welfare of poor agriculturists and agriculturists are share holders. The securities are shown to be purchased. In fact, it was never purchased and large amount was transferred to the brokers. The evidence of PW25 Rodrick Cruz proves various circulars issued by the RBI are contravened. The prosecution has also examined Anita Mangesh Kenkre, who is the Chief General Manager of SEBI, who also stated that the Giltage Management Services Limited, Bombay; Syndicate Management Services, Ahmedabad, Indramani Merchants Private Limited and Century Dealers Private Limited were never registered as brokers or sub brokers with the SEBI. Thus, it is apparent that the transactions are entered into with the private brokers without following due process of law. If the applicant is released on bail, wrong signal will go in the society and sympathy, if granted to the applicant, would be misplaced sympathy. The applicant is not a layman, but is serving as General Manager of the bank; has active role, and prepared forged documents and the NABARD was misguided. In support of his contentions, he submitted that the Honourable Apex Court, while considering the scope of Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, in the case of .....9/- 178 appln10.24 9 Omprakash Sahni vs. Jai Shankar Chaudhary and anr, reported in (2023)6 SCC 123, held that bearing in mind the principles of law, the endeavour on the part of the Court, therefore, should be to see as to whether the case presented by the prosecution and accepted by the Trial Court can be said to be a case in which, ultimately the convict stands for fair chances of acquittal. If the answer to the above said question is to be in the affirmative, as a necessary corollary, we shall have to say that, if ultimately the convict appears to be entitled to have an acquittal at the hands of this Court, he should not be kept behind the bars for a pretty long time till the conclusion of the appeal, which usually take very long for decision and disposal. However, while undertaking the exercise to ascertain whether the convict has fair chances of acquittal, what is to be looked into is something palpable. To put it in other words, something which is very apparent or gross on the face of the record, on the basis of which, the Court can arrive at a prima facie satisfaction that the conviction may not be sustainable. The Appellate Court should not re-appreciate the evidence at the stage of Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and try to pick up few lacunas or loopholes here or there in the case of the prosecution. Such would not be a correct approach. Thus, in view of principles laid down by the Honourable Apex Court, the applicant has to show something palpable. In fact, .....10/- 178 appln10.24 10 the applicant has no case to release him on bail by suspending the sentence and the application deserves to be rejected. 9. Before adverting to the evidence to ascertain, whether the applicant has made out a case for suspension of sentence, it is necessary to see legal position. 10. Section 389(1) of the Code of Criminal, enjoins upon the appellate court the power to issue an order for the suspension of the sentence or an order of conviction during the pendency of an appeal. The said Section is reproduced below: "389. Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail. - (1) Pending any appeal by a convicted person, the Appellate Court may, for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, order that the execution of the sentence or order appealed against be suspended and, also, if he is in confinement, that he be released on bail, or on his own bond: Provided that the Appellate Court shall, before releasing on bail or on his own bond a convicted person who is convicted of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term of not less than ten years, shall give opportunity to the Public Prosecutor for showing cause in writing against such release; Provided further that in cases where a convicted person is released on bail it shall be open to the Public Prosecutor to file an application for the cancellation of the bail". 11. Thus, the suspension describes postponement or temporarily preventing a state of affairs from continuing. Thus, .....11/- 178 appln10.24 11 when we talk about the suspension of sentence, the concept is to differ or postpone the execution of sentence. 12. The Honourable Apex Court, in the case of Afjal Ansari vs. State of U.P., reported in 2023(16) SCALE 775, while considering the scope of Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, observed that "it becomes manifestly evident from the plain language of the provision, that the Appellate Court is unambiguously vested with the power to suspend implementation of the sentence or the order of conviction under appeal and grant bail to the incarcerated convict, for which it is imperative to assign the reasons in writing. This Court has undertaken a comprehensive examination of this issue on multiple occasions, laying down the broad parameters to be appraised for the suspension of a conviction under Section 389(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. There is no gainsaying that in order to suspend the conviction of an individual, the primary factors that are to be looked into, would be the peculiar facts and circumstances of that specific case, where the failure to stay such a conviction would lead to injustice or irreversible consequences. The very notion of irreversible consequences is centered on factors, including the individual's criminal antecedents, the gravity of the offence, and its wider social impact, while simultaneously considering the facts and circumstances of the case." The .....12/- 178 appln10.24 12 Hon'able Apex Court, in paragraph No.15 of the said decision, observed that, "this Court has on several occasions opined that there is no reason to interpret Section 389(1) of the CrPC in a narrow manner, in the context of a stay on an order of conviction, when there are irreversible consequences. Undoubtedly, Ravikant Patil vs. Sarvabhouma S.Bagali, reported in (2007)1 SCC 673, holds that an order granting a stay of conviction should not be the rule but an exception and should be resorted to in rare cases depending upon the facts of a case. However, where conviction, if allowed to operate would lead to irreparable damage and where the convict cannot be compensated in any monetary terms or otherwise, if he is acquitted later on, that by itself carves out an exceptional situation". 13. In Kashmira Singh vs. The State of Punjab, reported in (1977)4 SCC 291, the Honourable Apex Court held that, "it would indeed be a travesty of justice to keep a person in jail for a period of five or six years for an offence which is ultimately found not to have been committed by him. Can the Court ever compensate him for his incarceration which is found to unjustified? Would it be just at all for the Court to tell a person: "We have admitted your appeal because we think you have a prima facie case, but unfortunately we have no time to hear your appeal for quite a few years and, therefore, until .....13/- 178 appln10.24 13 we hear your appeal, you must remain in jail, even though you may be innocent?" What confidence would such administration of justice inspire in the mind of the public? It may quite conceivably happen, and it has in fact happened in a few cases in this Court, that a person may serve out his full term of imprisonment before his appeal is taken up for hearing. Would a judge not be overwhelmed with a feeling of contrition while acquitting such a person after hearing the appeal? Would it not be an affront to his sense of justice ? Of what avail would the acquittal be to such a person who has already served out his term of imprisonment or at any rate a major part of it? It is, therefore, absolutely essential that the practice which this Court has been following in the past must be reconsidered and so long as this Court is not in a position to hear the appeal of an accused within a reasonable period of time, the Court should ordinarily, unless there are cogent grounds for acting otherwise, release the accused on bail in cases where special leave has been granted to the accused to appeal against his conviction and sentence". 14. In the case of Bhagwan Rama Shinde Gosai and ors vs. State of Gujarat, reported in (1999)4 SCC 421, the appellants were convicted by the trial court against which the appeal was pending before the High Court. The High Court successively rejected the prayer for grant of bail, till the .....14/- 178 appln10.24 14 pendency of appeal after suspending the sentence. Thus, it has been held that,"when a convicted person is sentenced to fixed period of sentence and when he files appeal under any statutory right, suspension of sentence can be considered by the appellate court liberally unless there are exceptional circumstances. Of course if there is any statutory restriction against suspension of sentence it is a different matter. Similarly, when the sentence is life imprisonment the consideration for suspension of sentence could be of a different approach. But if for any reason the sentence of limited duration cannot be suspended every endeavour should be made to dispose of the appeal on merits more so when motion for expeditious hearing the appeal is made in such cases. Otherwise the very valuable right of appeal would be an exercise in futility by efflux of time. When the appellate court finds that due to practical reasons such appeals cannot be disposed of expeditiously the appellate court must bestow special concern in the matter suspending the sentence, so as to make the appeal right meaningful and effective. Of course appellate courts can impose similar conditions when bail is granted". 15. The similar ratio is laid down in the cases of Kiran Kumar vs. State of M.P., reported in (2001)9 SCC 211 and Suresh Kumar and ors vs. State (NCT of Delhi), reported in (2001)10 SCC 338 by referring the judgment of Bhagwan .....15/- 178 appln10.24 15 Rama Shinde Gosai and ors vs. State of Gujarat supra holding that when a person is convicted and sentenced to a short term imprisonment, the normal rule is that when his appeal is pending, the sentence should be suspended. 16. In the background of the above well settled law and turning to cases in hand, it reveals that the applicant is convicted by observing in paragraph No.74 that during the NABARD inspection, the following irregularities and discrepancies are found: (a) The Board has delegated powers to the Chairman vide resolution No.14(6) dated 16/05/1999 (Exhs.1193/3158) for purchase and sale of securities only through MSCB under SGL(II) with the RBI. (b) The Board had not taken any policy decision for transacting through the brokers nor had approved the panel of brokers for the purpose. (c) Market quotations were not being called for and the rate provided by the broker in the contract were not verified and compared with the prices quoted in the market. (d) Though, the bank had maintained SGL(II) account through MSCB the transactions were routed only through five brokers viz. HTL and 4 other broker companies. .....16/- 178 appln10.24 16 (e) As there was no delivery of securities book entries at the bank level were passed on the basis of contract notes received through the brokers. Brokers had only sent photo copies of certificates of securities purchased during 2000-2001 which were endorsed in the name of broker firm. (f) No agreements entered into between NDCC Bank and the respective brokers for the purpose of trading in securities in the secondary market. (g) Though on the reverse side of the contract notes issued by HTL indicate that brokerage had been charged at rates not exceeding the official scale of brokerage, respective column to show actual amount of brokerage charged were left unfilled in the contract notes. The contract notes issued by the other brokers also did not indicate brokerage, if any, paid to them. (h) The counter party involved in the purchase and sale of securities was not indicated in the contract notes issued by the HTL and four other brokers (i.e. 4 other broker companies). (i) Payments to the broker firms were realized on settlement dates without getting delivery of the securities. (j) No fixed internal investment policy and procedures were laid down by the board of directors nor were there half yearly reviews of the bank's .....17/- 178 appln10.24 17 investment port-folio by the bank's board of directors. Even though, as per part 'V' of the RBI RPCD Circular No.RF.BC-17/A-4/92-93 dated 4th September, 1992 such reviews should be conducted and copies of the review notes to be forwarded to the NABARD and RBI. (i) Valuation of the securities to be done on quarterly basis as per guidelines issued by the RBI vide circular RPCD No.154/07:02:08/94-95 dated 23rd May, 1995 was not being made. The securities were also not valued (at cost or market price whichever was lower) as on 31/03/2001. (k) As on 31/03/2001 the total premium paid aggregated Rs.408.75 lakhs and the same has been capitalized as required. (l) The bank has resorted to continuous process of sale and purchase of securities. As per the contract notes, the sales were effected at rates higher than the cost price and the difference between sale price and purchase price was being transferred to P and L account as income from time to time. These incomes cannot be considered real as the bank had not ascertained at any point of time whether the broker had really made any efforts to get unsold securities (i.e. securities belonging to the bank and lying with the brokers) in the name of the bank. (m) The bank had been utilizing sale proceeds of securities for fresh purchase made on the same .....18/- 178 appln10.24 18 dates. As a result inflow of funds to the bank was very minimum. Most of the times the bank was paying additional amounts to cover cost of fresh purchase switch were mostly at high premiums. As on 05/02/2002, the date of transaction (till date of completion of present inspection) amount of premium paid against outstanding securities aggregated Rs.2901.26 lakhs as against Rs.408.75 lakhs of premium paid in securities outstanding as on 31/03/2001. This represents 709.79% increase in premium as against 120.78% growth in the total value of outstanding securities of these two dates. (n) The risk involved in security transaction was increasing trend since the bank has not adopted system for classification of securities under "held for trading", "available for sale" and "held to maturity" and the entire securities portfolio under SGL-II with MSCB and under physical mode with the aforesaid brokers were to be under continuous trading. (n) No well defined account procedure/manual had been prepared by the NDCC bank to ascertain profitability of security transactions realistically. (o) Based on average cost-yield analysis of investment portfolio during 2000-2001 trading in GOI securities fetched 9.74% as compared to other investments like Fixed Deposits with MSCB fetching average return of 12%. If unadjusted interest which was actually paid on purchase of securities, but shown as receivable in the B/S as on 31/03/2001 .....19/- 178 appln10.24 19 was taken into account, the average return from the securities' trading would come down to 7.18%. As against this, average cost of mobilizing terms deposit comprising FD, Re-investment Deposit and deposits and deposits mobilized from Urban Bank etc. works out 12.80%, 13% and 13.83% respectively. So, the bank had been incurring losses in its trading activities. 17. The Judgment of the trial court further shows that the prosecution examined PW25, who is an officer of the RBI, who proved and confirmed various circulars and resolutions issued by the RBI from time to time in respect of the investment in the government securities. Existence and issuance of all circulars are also proved by PW48 Shri Deshmukh and the applicant and accused No.1 have violated directives issued by RBI and NABARD from time to time while investing the government securities through HTL and four broker companies. The further observation of the trial court shows that the entire transaction, relating to investment, were being looked after by the applicant and accused No.1 and the accounts of those transaction were maintained by PW7 Shri Wakhare and in his absence PW6 Shri Dani. According to these witnesses, the applicant informed them that from 2001 transactions of the government securities will be done through HTL. The transactions were not done through SGL(II) account. From the .....20/- 178 appln10.24 20 judgment, it further revealed that the trial court observed that before doing any transaction of GOI (physical) securities, accused No.1 and the applicant used to discuss with HTL either on phone or otherwise. 18. Learned counsel for the applicant submitted that above observations are not supported by any evidence. In fact, all note sheets are either prepared by accused Nos.11 or PW7 Wakhare. The chart prepared by the trial court mentioned in the judgment shows that all note sheets about purchase of GOI securities are either prepared by accused No.11 or PW7. Accused No.11 is acquitted on the same set of evidence. 19. The sum and substance of the observation of the trial court is that crores of rupees were transferred to HTL under the guise of purchasing GOI (Physical) Securities which were never purchased for the NDCC Bank and when no such securities were ever purchased, there is no question of sale and, therefore, all sale and purchase transactions entered by accused No.1 and the applicant between the NDCC bank and HTL are completely false and forged. Whereas, in paragraph No.96, the trial court observed that accused No.1 and the applicant or any other officer of the NDCC Bank had not taken any steps to call for original securities from the concerned brokers or to confirm as to whether any such securities were .....21/- 178 appln10.24 21 ever purchased by them for the NDCC Bank. Thus, at once, the trial court held that there was no such transaction at the same time it holds that the applicant has not taken steps to call for original securities. 20. Learned counsel for the applicant has taken me through the evidence and pointed out that the trial court held that the board has delegated the powers to the Chairman vide resolution No.14(6) dated 16.5.1999 (Exhibits-1193/3158) for purchase and sale of securities only through MSCB under SGL(II) with the RBI. Whereas, Exhibit-1185 shows that the applicant and the names mentioned therein were authorized jointly to purchase, sale, endorse, negotiate, transfer or other deal with the government and any securities for and on behalf of the NDCC Bank, Nagpur and also to receive the principle and interests due thereon which is blanket authority without referring either MSCB or SGL(II). This observation is without any evidence on record. The trial court has drawn the inference without any material. He further submitted that the trial court further observed that the entire transaction of purchasing government securities through HTL is by keeping board of directors in dark. Whereas, Exhibit-1194 shows that purchasing on government securities through HTL is brought to the notice of all members by passing resolution. It is not only brought to the notice of board of directors, but it was also brought to the .....22/- 178 appln10.24 22 notice of all share holders by publishing the same in annual report. Thus, the said observation is also without any evidence. The nature of allegation and evidence shows that the applicant who is General Manager was aware about norms and the guidelines issued by the NABARD, but he has violated the same. He submitted that the observation of the trial court that there was conspiracy between officer and official of HTL is also without any evidence. He invited my attention towards cross examination of investigating officer Shri Kishor Bele, examined vide Exhibit-3151, who specifically admitted, as follows: "gs Eg.k.ks [kjs vkgs dh Hkk-na-fo-ps dye 467 o 471 uqlkj ts vkjksi vkgsr R;kuqlkj dks.krkgh nLr vkjksih dz-2 v'kksd pkS/kjh ;kauh r;kj dsysyk ukgh- gs Eg.k.ks [kjs vkgs dh riklknjE;ku cWdsdMwu th dkgh dkxni=s tIr dj.;kr vkyh] rh dkxni=s cWdsrwu Jh-xksMs ;kaP;k mifLFkrhr tIr dj.;kr vkyh vkgsr- gs Eg.k.ks [kjs vkgs dh Jh- xksMs ;kauh cWdsrY;k dqBY;kgh vfu;ehrrsckcr fjtoZ cWd vkWQ bafM;k] egkjk"Vª jkT; lgdkjh cWd] jftLVªkj] dksvkWijsVhOg lkslk;Vht] iw.ks] ukckMZ bR;knh fBdk.kh cWdsps O;oLFkkid Eg.kwu dks.krhgh rdzkj dsY;kps riklknjE;ku vk

Similar Judgements

All India Judges Association Vs. Union of India & Ors. 2024 Latest Caselaw 20 SC

All India Judges Association Vs. Union of India & Ors. [Writ Petition (Civil) No. 643 of 2015] [Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 6471-6473 of 2020, 29232 of 2018] [Contempt Petition (Civil) Nos....

View Details

Bilkis Yakub Rasool Vs. Union of India & Ors. 2024 Latest Caselaw 25 SC

Bilkis Yakub Rasool Vs. Union of India & Ors. [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 491 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 319 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 326 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 352 of ...

View Details

Bilkis Yakub Rasool Vs. Union of India & Ors. 2024 Latest Caselaw 26 SC

Bilkis Yakub Rasool Vs. Union of India & Ors. [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 491 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 319 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 326 of 2022] [Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 352 of ...

View Details

Shatrughna Atmaram Patil & Ors. Vs. Vinod Dodhu Chaudhary & Anr. 2024 Latest Caselaw 61 SC

Shatrughna Atmaram Patil & Ors. Vs. Vinod Dodhu Chaudhary & Anr. [Special Leave Petition (Crl.) No. 14585/2023] Jaipal Manikrao Hire & Ors. Vs. Vijaykumar Vishwanath Dhawale & Anr. [Special Leave P...

View Details

Vinod Katara Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh 2024 Latest Caselaw 138 SC

Vinod Katara Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh [Writ Petition (Crl.) No(S). 121 of 2022] Mehta, J. 1. This writ petition arises from a very peculiar set of facts and circumstances. 2. The petitioner here...

View Details

Travancore Devaswom Board Vs. Ayyappa Spices & Ors. 2024 Latest Caselaw 147 SC

Travancore Devaswom Board Vs. Ayyappa Spices & Ors. [Civil Appeal Nos. 3866-3867 of 2024 arising out of SLP (C) Nos. 10361-10362 of 2023] Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. Tirth...

View Details